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 Pre-modern management

  From earliest recorded times groups, especially since the beginning of farming about 9.000 years ago, people have been organized to work together towards planned goals.

  Irrigation projects in Mesopotamia and road systems in the Roman empire needed careful, long-term planning, control and coordination.

  Division of labor was first developed and conceptualized by Mengzi (Mencius) in the 3rd c. BC. The Terracotta Army of Xian is the surviving prototype of "conveyor belt" production, 2,100 years before Ford.

  In Europe the Arsenale di Venezia was propably the first large-scale production-line type of manufacture, in the 16th c. it was able to perform the task to assembly a full-scale galley before the eyes of King Henri III. of France within one day from standardised parts.

 Contact: wolfgang.arlt@fh-stralsund.de  Office: 1/132, Tel. (03831) 45 6961