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Tourism theories and concepts can be divided in demand side orientated and supply side orientated approaches.
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Demand-side
orientated: Looking at tourism through the eyes of the consumers.
Examples:
All parts of destination part of product.
Destination defined by visitor.
Next member of hotel staff should help.
UNWTO definition:
The activities of persons travelling to and staying in places
outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for
leisure, business and other purposes not related to the exercise of an activity
remunerated from within the place visited.
Most social scientists have demand-side
orientation.
Over-supply in post-industrial
societies leads to concentration on demand side approach.
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Supply-side
orientated: Looking at tourism from producers
point of view.
Example: Direct and derived (abgeleitetes)
product.
Destination defined by political borders and
financing.
Responsible member of hotel staff should
help. ("Kollege kommt gleich")
Pearce/Morrison/Rutledge definition:
Tourism
is the sum of government and private sector activities which shape
and serve the needs and manage the consequences of holiday and business
travel.
Most economic scientists (especially
in Germany) have supply-side orientation.
Under-supply in industrial
societies in the past lead to concentration on supply side approach.
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Demand
Tourism depends on
 the opportunity to travel and stay in another place (resources)
and on
the wish of people to become tourists (demand)
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What
kind of resources to you need to travel?
Let us find them together.
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freedom, money, time, fitness, no family constraints
Definitions of Touristic Demand
Demand-side orientated definition: "The relationship between individuals' motivation to travel and their ability to do so." (Pearce 1995)
Supply-side orientated definition: "The total number of persons who travel, or wish to travel, to use tourist facilities and services at places away from their places of work and residence" (Mathiesson/Wall 1982)
Forms of Touristic Demand
 effective or actual demand
 travel propensity / departure rate
(the percentage of a population that actually engages in tourism.
Net t.p. = percentage of population with at least one trip/year
Gross t.p. = total no. of trips / population)
Example:
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Travel Propensity (t.p.)
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Germany
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France
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Net t.p.
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1964: 39
1984: 55
1994: 78
(2002:
75)
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1994: 63
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Gross t.p. (1994)
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109
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101
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suppressed demand:
- potential demand
- deferred (postponed) demand
non-demand
reasons not to travel:
- expense
- lack of time
- physical limitations
- family circumstances
- lack of interest
limitations can be changed by tailor-made offers
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How
to overcome lack of money, time, fitness, interest or
existing family constraints?
Let us develop some ideas together
for offers from the tourism industry for this potential
customer groups.
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Non-personal restrictions on Demand
However, not all restriction on Demand are personal:
restrictions to leave the home country (passport)
restrictions to enter the guest country (visa)
restrictions on currency exchange
restrictions on religious or ethnical grounds
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Please
name some examples of such non-personal restrictions
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Demand is open to subjective and objective changes
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