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SUPPLY SIDE:
Commercial Supply Structures: Tour Operator, Travel Agencies,
Marketing Organizations
Patterns of distribution:
Supplier --> Traveller
Supplier --> Intermediary --> Traveller
Supplier --> Intermediary --> Intermediary
--> Traveller
Tour operators
Organize and
sell tours: package - all-inclusive - moduls - dynamic packaging
- Outbound
- Inbound
- Specialized TOs
- "Grey"
TOs
Travel agencies
Sells single products only, not organizer
Income forms:
- Commission
- Charges
Structures:
- Independent TA
- Franchise
- Company-owned
DMOs / NTOs (Destination
Marketing Organizations / National Tourism Organizations)
Different forms
of government involvement
"Selling"
the destination
On local / regional
level often competitor by selling own products or acting as agency
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