Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Georg Arlt
International Tourism Management

 

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ITM Master 3. Sem.
8103: International Management III
           

 

Fr 11.45-15.30 h S 04

4 SWS Course International Management and Culture

Workload: 60 h classroom work / 180 h self-study

ECTS points: 8

Examination: Presentations (50%), Assignment paper (12-15 pages p.P.) (50%)

 

Course organisation:

Lecture (before lunch):
Chapters Mead/Andrews (2009) International Management Culture

30 min. presentation by a student, discussion chaired by student (20% mark)
(Additional input / case studies Arlt)

Hardcopies of relevant chapters to be read by all participants before.
(Part of the book is on Google books)
 http://books.google.de/books?id=s7_CfAYH_7UC&printsec=
frontcover&dq=mead+andrews+international+management&hl=de&ei=2ZWtTPyjDsvU4waRh6ilBg&sa
=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false

 

Seminar (after lunch):
One topical book about Intercultural Management presented and discussed by a student:

Synopsis paper (2-3 pages) handed out to participants one week before presentation

30 min. presentation, 60 min. structured discussion (included an active part for participants:
for instance every participant has to tell an experience related to the topic; prepared role play or debate etc.)
(Presentation+Synopsis 30% mark)

15 pages assignment paper to be handed in by January 31 (50% mark)

Books to choose from:
Nakata: Beyond Hofstede (2 parts)
Graburn: Multiculturalism in New Japan
Bauman: Culture and Liquid Modernity
Morgan: Cross-Cultural Ethics
Dressler: Asian HRM
Bloch/Whiteley: The Global You
Hall/Hall: Understanding Cultural Differences (Germany, France, USA)
Robinowitz/Carr: Modern-Day Vikings (Sweden)
Yamada: Different Games -
Different Rules (Japan)

 

 

 

 

All information given in this lecture is available here (www.arlt-lectures.com) for download.

Please check the homepage of the website regularly for announcements about time changes etc.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

International Management and Culture

 

First definition:

“Culture is the collective programming of the human mind that distinguishes the members of one human group from those of another. Culture in this sense is a system of collectively held values.” -- Geert Hofstede

 

 

Many intercultural trainings concentrate on the "Do's and Don'ts" of different cultures:

 - Give and receive a namecard to a Chinese persons always with both hands

 - Avoid the number 13 in western countries

 - Do not give knifes or scissors as a present in China

 - Do not slap a German person on the shoulder as a greeting

 - Do not give money as a gift in Bulgaria ... etc.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Two arguments against such superficial approaches:

a) For an internationally active manager, it is impossible to know the "Do's and Don'ts" of all cultures and sub-cultures (always use a 100 US$ bill when snorting cocaine at a Manhattan party...) in the world.

 

b) Reducing the cultural differences to "above the sea-level" features will not help you to understand the underlying differences and will not help you to understand the relativeness of your own cultural behaviour.

 

 

Culture is - according to Hofstede - acquired through “mental programming”, learned patterns of thinking, feeling and potential acting.

 

Three level of uniqueness are distinguished:

- The inherited universal human nature,

- the learned culture specific to certain societies or groups within a society, and

- the inherited and learned individual personality.

 

Example: Language

 

 

Let us try to understand the "Why?" behind some different behaviours and customs for some typical occurences:

Examples

 - telling the truth / being polite

 - punctuality / flexibility

 - quoting sources / following mainstream

 - learning from theories / learning from examples

 

 

 

Example Sinus groups

Im August 2010 hat das Institut Sinus Sociovision ein verändertes Gesellschaftsmodell Deutschlands vorgestellt. Es verschwand das sogenannte Milieu der DDR-Nostalgiker und ging zum Teil in das prekäre Milieu auf, hinzu kam das expeditive Milieu.

Sinus-Milieus mit ihren Definitionen:

  • Konservativ-etabliertes Milieu: Klassisches Establishment mit Exklusivitäts- und Führungsanspruch, zeigt aber auch Tendenz zum Rückzug
  • Liberal-Intellektuelles Milieu: Aufgeklärte Bildungselite mit liberaler Grundhaltung und postmateriellen Wurzeln, hat starken Wunsch nach Selbstbestimmung
  • Milieu der Performer: Effizienz-orientierte Leistungselite, denkt global, hohe IT-Kompetenz, sieht sich als stilistische Avantgarde
  • Expeditives Milieu: Unkonventionelle, kreative Avantgarde, individualistisch, sehr mobil, digital vernetzt, sucht nach Grenzen
  • Bürgerliche Mitte: Leistungs- und anpassungsbereiter Mainstream, bejaht die gesellschaftliche Ordnung, strebt nach beruflicher und sozialer Etablierung sowie nach Sicherheit und Harmonie
  • Adaptiv-pragmatisches Milieu: Zielstrebige, junge Mitte der Gesellschaft mit ausgeprägtem Lebenspragmatismus und Nutzenkalkül
  • Sozialökologisches Milieu: Idealistisch, konsumkritisch, globalisierungsskeptisch, besitzt ausgeprägtes ökologisches und soziales Gewissen
  • Traditionelles Milieu: Ordnungsliebende Kriegs- und Nachkriegsgeneration, kleinbürgerlich oder der Arbeiterwelt verhaftet
  • Prekäres Milieu: Um Teilhabe bemühte Unterschicht, Zukunftsangst und Ressentiments
  • Hedonistisches Milieu: Spaß- und erlebnisorientiert, verweigert sich den Konventionen und Leistungserwartungen der Gesellschaft

 

Sinus UK

 

 

 

Please form two groups and discuss:
How c
ould the sinus approach be used in connection to a hofstedian approach?  

How would you use the Hofstede and the Sinus approaches in selecting the right person for filling a vacancy in your management team?

 

After 20 minutes each group should present the lists and the explanations.

 

 

 

International Management and Culture

 

- Culture is learned

- Values and more:

   - Beliefs

   - Political systems

   - Religion

   - Technology

   - Artistic culture

 

Exercise 1.7 (hard copy)

 

 

Making Comparisons

Pre-Hofstede, two examples:

Kluckhohn & Strodtbeck

 

http://orpc.iaccp.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=51%3Amichael-d-hills&catid=24%3Achapter&Itemid=2

 

Hall

 

And revisiting: Hofstede

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  Contact: Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Georg Arlt FRGS
Bachelor and Master Program International Tourism Management
arlt@fh-westkueste.de, Office 2.018, Tel. 0481 8555-513
Consultation hours (during lecture period): Wednesday 13.00 - 14.00 h

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