INTRODUCTION: HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM
Global development of tourism
pre-modern, modern, post-modern: Discovery - Acquisition - Invention
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Post-modern
travels - Invention
Physical invention:
Disneyland
Theme parks
artificial
Ski- and Diving Halls
Film-induced travels
Heidiland
Technical invention:
"Death of Distance"
Virtual travel
Avatar travel (Example:
Teddy Tours) http://www.teddy-tour-berlin.de/
Do you possess a cuddly toy that desperately needs relaxation? Than this is your right spot!
The TEDDY TOUR BERLIN staff offers your teddy a week’s holiday including a guided tour of Berlin, picnic in Berlin's central park (Tiergarten) and comprehensive care by a qualified physiotherapist. On top of that, you’ll receive many beautiful holiday pictures as well as a holiday postcard and much more!
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Mental invention:
End of division of working time/space and
leisure time/space,
end of division normal surroundings / strange surroundings,
touristification of everyday life,
Dark Tourism,
Experimental Travel
http://www.lonelyplanet.com/experimentaltravel
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Tourism <->
reality perception
Lahaina Town (from
a Hawaii promotional website)
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"Lahaina on Maui
(Hawaii). Consider the corner of the Old Fort that protected the royal capital in the
1820's. Sailors got angry at the missionaries for trying to cleaning things
up.They lobbed a
cannon shot into town. So the fort got built. When sailing died out, it was torn
down. This corner was rebuilt in 1964."
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As
a matter of
fact, there never existed a Old Fort, as there also existed
no royal capital in the 1820s (the only shortly before under
King Kamehameha
united Hawaiian islands did not have a concept of "capital"
or any
stone
buildings).
The stones at the central square of Lahaina -
despite the sign from
the "Lahaina Historical Society" - are left-over props from a
movie production of the 1960s.
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Post-modern travels:
Most people living on the planet are hosts and tourists at different
times. Tourism becomes universal
Tourism as main source of income for many regions. Traditions designed
after demand. At the same time change from destination to
activity as object of travel
Short-time or long-time travels (days or years)
Invention of artificial places
End of split between travelling/holidays and living/working
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Summing up: Global development of tourism
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pre-modern
(up to 18th c.)
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modern
(19-20th c.)
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post-modern
(21st c.)
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"Discovery"
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"Acquisition"
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"Invention"
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Who
is travelling?
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few
very
rich; adventurers, traders
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growing
numbers,
rich people plus Europe
/ North America: middle classes
(19th c.) working classes
(20th c.) Asia / South America: middle
classes (21th c.)
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Almost
everybody
People are host
and guest at different times
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Motivation
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Discovery,
Distinction
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Acquisition,
Relaxation
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Invention,
Experience
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Impact
on destination
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physically
minimal culturally medium
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new
infrastructure, touristification impact
also on source region
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glocalisation
of destinations
invention
of artificial places
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Development
of tourism Industry
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almost
not existing
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strong
growth
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diversification
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Duration
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long
time (months, years)
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medium
length (weeks, months)
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short
(days) or long (years)
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Relation
to daily life
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Travel
part of life
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Clear
split between working time and
leisure time/tourism
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Travel
part of life
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ca.
2060 End of Tourism
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